1
Much of the material in the first four sections of this introduction is taken from Eugenio Ceria’s Introduction to the Italian edition, pp 1-12.
2
BM V, 577.
3
BM VIII, 256.
4
BM XII, 52.
5
Desramaut, Les Memorie I, pp 117-118.
6
BM XII, 52.
7
Salesian Central Archives (ASC) 132: Autografi-Oratorio. Microfiche FDB Micro 57 A1-60 A2 Ms. autogr. Bosco.
8
ASC 132: Autografi-Oratorio. FDB Micro 60 A3-63 E12 Ms. autogr. Berto corr. e add. Bosco.
9
BM XV, 80, 99, 359.
10
Desramaut, p 119.
11
Desramaut, pp 116-117.
12
Stella, LW, p xx.
13
Preface.
14
Desramaut, p 123; cf. BM I, 86-91.
15
See chapter 5, note 4 and comment; BM I, 142-152.
16
BM XII, 52.
17
Ibid.
18
Work on a critical edition is underway at the Istituto Storico Salesiano in Rome, but it will be at least five years before it is completed (letter from Pietro Stella, March 16th, 1989).
19
Address to the Rector Major and General Council of the Salesian Society, February 4th, 1989, in Atti del Consiglio Generale LXX (1989), no. 329, pp 24-27 at 25; cf. Acts of the General Council, no. 329, p 26.
20
Saints:
Mary Domenica Mazzarello, (1837-1881), cofoundress of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians.
Louis Versiglia, (1873-1930), Bishop and Martyr.
Callistus Caravario, (1903-1930), Priest and Martyr.
Blesseds
Michael Rua, 1837-1910, Priest.
Madeleine Morano, FMA 1847-1908, Sister.
Philip Rinaldi, 1856-1931, Priest.
August Czartoryski, 1858-1893, Priest.
Alexandrinada Costa 1904-1955. Mystic
Artemide Zatti, 1880-1951 Brother.
Bronislao Markiewicz, 1842-1912, Priest.
Ceferino Namuncurà, 1886-1905. Youth
Eusebia Palomino, 1899-1935, Sister.
Francis Kesy, 1920 -1942 and 4 Youths.
Joseph Calasanz, 1872-1936 Priest.
Enrico Saiz Aparicio, 1889-1936 Priest.
Joseph Kowalski, 1911-1942. Layman.
Laura Vicuna, 1891-1904, Youth.
Luigi Variara, 1875-1923 Priest.
Maria Romero, 1902-1977 Sister.
Venerables
Dorothy Chopitea, 1816-1891, Cooperator.
Andrew Beltrami, 1870-1897, Priest.
Teresa Valsé Pantellini, 1878-1907, Sister.
Bro Simon Srugi, 1877-1943, Brother.
Joseph Quadrio, 1921-1963, Priest.
Laura Meozzi, 1874-1951, Sister.
Luigi Olivares, 1873-1943. Priest.
Mamma Margaret, 1788-1856. Mother
Maria Troncatti, 1883-1969,Sister.
Rodolfo Komorek, 1890-1949 Priest.
Vincenzo Cimatti, 1879-1965 Priest.
21
Marriott, p 33; cf. pp 16-36.
22
Memoirs of Prince Metternich, 1815-1829, III, 97; cf. Marriott, p 41.
23
Marriott, p 90.
24
One of those implicated in the Milan uprising was the journalist Silvio Pellico (1789-1854); he and a number of other patriots were imprisoned for up to eight years. Upon his release he published My Prisons, an indictment of Austrian repression and a profound Christian testimony that was very influential over the next three decades. He became secretary to Marchioness Barolo and a generous friend of Don Bosco.
25
See F. Lemmi, Carlo Felice (1755-1831) (Turin, 1931), p 182.
26
When France, Spain, Austria, and Russia contemplated similar action against Spain’s former colonies in America, again in the name of restoring legitimate government, Great Britain and the United States opposed them. This was the genesis of the Monroe Doctrine of December 1823.
27
In 1827 at Milan, Alessandro Manzoni (1785-1873) published his novel The Betrothed, which has been acclaimed as Italy’s greatest literary masterpiece. Its love story is set in seventeenth-century Lombardy against a background of Spanish oppression. Readers everywhere applied it to the current situation.
28
Hearder, pp 61-63; Woolf, p 326.
29
Woolf, p 285.
30
Jacques Droz, Europe Between Revolutions, 1815-1848 (New York: Harper, 1967), p 168. Cf. E.E.Y. Hales, Pio Nono, pp 39-42.
31
See E.E.Y. Hales, Revolution and Papacy, 1769-1846 (Notre Dame, 1966), pp 245-279; Hearder, pp 121, 181, 284-286; Droz, pp 34, 193-194; Woolf, pp 317-318; Frederick B. Artz, Reaction and Revolution, 1814-1832 (New York: Harper, 1934), pp 144-145, 245-246.
32
Roger Aubert, The Church in a Secularised Society (New York: Paulist, 1978), pp 34-37; Alec R. Vidler, The Church in an Age of Revolution, 1789 to the Present Day (Baltimore: Penguin, 1971), pp 68-72; Hales, Revolution and Papacy, pp 171, 218, 259-260, 279-295; NCE, VIII, 347-348.
33
Hales, Pio Nono, pp 60-66.
34
Quoted by Marriott, p 61.
35
After two centuries of Gallicanism in France and Josephism in Austria, and after the experience of the Church in England under William Rufus, Henry II, and Henry VIII, it must have been hard for Pius IX to think otherwise, though the Western Church, at least, had managed quite well before Charlemagne, and the United States was showing the viability of what Cavour would call a free Church in a free State.
36
Hales, Pio Nono, pp 82-83.
37
Quoted by Marriott, p 78.